Glasionomer

GlasIonomer is a term used in some dental literature to refer to glass ionomer materials, a class of dental cements and restorative materials formed by an acid-base reaction between fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder and polyalkenoic acid liquids. The term is not standardized, and many sources simply use “glass ionomer cement” (GIC).

Glasses are produced by mixing powder and liquid; the conventional composition uses fluoroaluminosilicate glass and polyacrylic acid or copolymers. The setting reaction releases fluoride and creates a chemical bond with tooth structure, contributing to its adhesion to dentin and enamel.

Historically, glass ionomer cements were introduced in the 1970s, with later refinements leading to resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) in the 1990s, which incorporate resin components to improve esthetics and strength while retaining fluoride release.

Properties include chemical bonding to tooth tissues, thermal compatibility with dentin, and radiopacity. They are relatively biocompatible and less technique-sensitive for some applications, but conventional GICs generally have lower strength and wear resistance than resin composites. They are somewhat sensitive to prolonged moisture exposure during setting and may benefit from protective coatings.

Common uses include luting cements for crowns and bridges, atraumatic restorative technique fillings, fissure sealants, and as liners or bases in non-load-bearing areas. Variants include conventional GIC and resin-modified GIC, the latter offering improved handling and aesthetics.