Gjakmarrja

Gjakmarrja, meaning "blood feud" or "blood revenge," is a traditional and often violent practice found in parts of the Balkans, particularly among Albanian communities. It involves the obligation of a family or clan to avenge the death of one of its members by killing a male member of the offending family or clan. This cycle of revenge can continue for generations, creating deeply entrenched feuds.

The concept of gjakmarrja is rooted in ancient customary laws, most notably the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini, a set of traditional Albanian laws that governed social life for centuries. The Kanun outlines strict rules regarding honor, hospitality, and justice, and gjakmarrja is presented as a means of restoring lost honor and balance to the community when formal justice systems are perceived as inadequate or absent.

The practice primarily targets male relatives of the perpetrator, as men are traditionally seen as the defenders of family honor. This often leads to young boys and elderly men becoming targets, exacerbating the tragedy. While the strict application of gjakmarrja has diminished in modern times due to state law, increased education, and the influence of international organizations, its legacy persists in some rural and remote areas. Efforts to eradicate gjakmarrja involve mediation, reconciliation initiatives, and legal interventions aimed at promoting peace and breaking the cycle of violence. The practice remains a complex social issue with significant humanitarian implications.