feud

A feud is a prolonged and often violent conflict between individuals, families, or groups. It is marked by recurring acts of retaliation, hostility, and a cycle of vengeance that can span years or generations. Feuds are unlike brief disputes; they are sustained by social norms, honor codes, or perceived grievances that justify ongoing hostility.

Historically, feuds have occurred in many societies, including blood feuds in rural Europe and clan conflicts in the Scottish Highlands, Ireland, and the American frontier. The term "blood feud" refers to a family-based obligation to avenge injuries, sometimes sanctioned by local custom or law. Feuds can be carried out through killings, property damage, or coercive pressure, and they often involve multiple parties beyond the original grievance.

Notable examples include the Hatfield–McCoy feud in the United States (late 19th century) and various vendetta traditions in the Mediterranean and the Balkans. In modern usage, "feud" can describe ongoing antagonism between political factions, rival corporations, or public figures, often characterized by public campaigns, lawsuits, and media scrutiny.

Resolution and impact: Feuds may be resolved through legal intervention, mediation, reconciliation efforts, or by social changes that undermine the feud's legitimacy. Otherwise, they may persist, entrenching violence and social division.