Gifted

Gifted is a term used to describe individuals with exceptional abilities, potential, or talents that set them apart from age peers. It can refer to general intellectual ability, specific academic talents, or creative, artistic, or leadership capacities.

Identification: Schools and psychologists use a range of criteria, including standardized aptitude or IQ tests, achievement tests, teacher recommendations, and portfolios or demonstrations of performance. There is no single universal threshold; many programs use a high cutoff (for example, IQ around 125-130) or exceptional achievement. Dynamic assessment and multiple criteria are emphasized to reduce bias.

Theoretical models: The concept of giftedness has several models. The Three-Ring Model by Joseph Renzulli emphasizes above-average ability, high task commitment, and creativity. Other theories focus on strategic/analytical thinking, or multiple domains beyond traditional academics, including arts and leadership. Giftedness is often distinguished from talent, the latter referring to high achievement in specific areas.

Education and services: Gifted programs range from enrichment opportunities to full-time special classes and acceleration. Research shows benefits from appropriately challenging curricula and acceleration for many learners, but services vary by jurisdiction and resources. Education for gifted students is most effective when paired with social-emotional support and regular peer interaction.

Equity and controversies: Identifying gifted students presents challenges, with concerns about cultural bias, socioeconomic disparities, and underrepresentation of some groups. Twice-exceptional individuals (gifted and with a disability) require careful assessment. The field continues to debate best practices and criteria, aiming for inclusive identification and support.