Ghegs

Ghegs, or Gheg Albanians, are an ethnic group primarily residing in northern Albania and adjacent regions of Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. They are one of the two major dialectal groups of Albanians, the other being Tosks, distinguished primarily by linguistic differences. The Gheg dialect is characterized by its retention of certain phonetic features, such as the preservation of the initial /g/ sound in words like *gjuha* (language) instead of the Tosk *hyshi*, and a distinct grammatical structure.

Historically, Ghegs have inhabited mountainous and rural areas, which has influenced their cultural and social traditions. Their way of life has often been pastoral, with a strong emphasis on livestock breeding, particularly sheep and goats. This lifestyle has contributed to a distinct cultural identity, including traditional clothing, music, and festivals. Gheg attire, for example, often features long skirts for women and vests for men, adorned with embroidery and symbols reflecting regional heritage.

The Gheg community has played a significant role in Albanian history, particularly during the national liberation movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Figures such as Skanderbeg, a national hero of Albania, were of Gheg descent, and many leaders of the Albanian independence movement hailed from this group. The Gheg dialect remains widely spoken in northern Albania, Kosovo, and among diaspora communities, though efforts to standardize Albanian have led to some variation in usage.

Religiously, Ghegs are predominantly Muslim, with a mix of Sunni and Bektashi traditions, though there are also Christian communities, particularly in Montenegro and North Macedonia. Their religious practices often blend local customs with broader Islamic or Orthodox traditions, reflecting the region’s diverse historical influences. Today, Ghegs maintain a strong cultural identity while adapting to modern societal changes.