Genotypebased

Genotypebased refers to approaches, analyses, or decisions anchored in an organism's genotype rather than its phenotype. The term is used across biology and medicine to describe strategies that rely on genetic information to guide actions.

In medicine and pharmacology, genotypebased methods inform disease risk assessment, selection of therapies, and dosing strategies (pharmacogenetics), aiming to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects. In research, genotypebased analyses underpin studies of genetic associations, population structure, and evolution. In agriculture and animal breeding, genotypebased selection identifies individuals with desirable genetic variants.

Methods commonly used include genotyping via SNP arrays, targeted sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing; data are analyzed with bioinformatics tools to infer variants, haplotypes, and risk scores. Environment and epigenetics can influence phenotypes, so predictions from genotypebased approaches have limits.

Ethical, legal, and social considerations include privacy, consent, data sharing, potential discrimination, and equitable access to benefits. Regulatory frameworks require evidence of clinical validity and utility for genotypebased decisions.

See also: pharmacogenetics, personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, precision medicine, genomics.