Genomomgångsselektion

Genomomgångsselektion, often translated as genomic selection or GS, is a breeding methodology that utilizes genomic information to predict an individual's genetic merit. Instead of relying solely on traditional performance records or pedigree information, GS employs high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed across the entire genome. These markers are used to estimate the breeding value of an animal or plant for a specific trait.

The process typically involves two main steps: a reference population and a selection population. The reference population consists of individuals with both phenotype (performance) and genotype (SNP marker) data. Statistical models are then developed to relate the SNP genotypes to the observed phenotypes. This relationship allows for the prediction of breeding values for individuals in the selection population, who may have genotype data but limited or no phenotype data.

GS offers several advantages over traditional methods. It can accelerate genetic gain by enabling earlier selection, particularly for traits that are difficult to measure, sex-limited, or have a long generation interval. It also allows for more accurate selection by capturing the effects of small-effect genes that might be missed by other methods. This technology has found widespread application in livestock breeding, horticulture, and crop improvement, contributing to enhanced productivity and desirable traits in various agricultural sectors.