Geheimabstimmung

Geheimabstimmung, or secret ballot, is a voting method in which the choice of each voter is kept confidential and is not observable by others. The secrecy aims to protect voters from coercion, bribery, or social pressure and to enable free expression of political or organizational preferences. Geheimabstimmung is used in public elections and referenda as well as in corporate or association votes on resolutions or leadership elections.

A secret ballot is typically implemented through private voting booths, anonymous ballot papers, sealed ballot boxes, and independent vote counting. Modern systems may also use electronic or hybrid ballots designed to preserve anonymity while ensuring accuracy and auditability. The secrecy of the vote is usually guaranteed by electoral or organizational law, rules on ballot handling, and the separation of vote casting from vote counting.

Historically, the secret ballot was introduced to curb coercion and influence in the 19th century. Notable milestones include the adoption of a uniform private-ballot system in various countries during the late 19th century, such as Australia (the Australian ballot) and Britain (the Ballot Act). Over time, many democracies and organizations have made Geheimabstimmung the standard method for important decisions.

In practice, geheimabstimmung supports equal influence by each vote and protects voter autonomy, but it can raise challenges related to verification, security, and transparency. In some contexts, such as parliamentary or corporate assemblies, the rate of scrutiny may vary, and some votes may be conducted publicly or by alternative methods when secrecy is less essential.

See also: secret ballot, public voting.