Gastroszkópia

Gastroszkópia, also known as upper endoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a medical procedure used to examine the lining of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum.

The procedure involves a doctor inserting a flexible, thin tube called a gastroscope into the patient's mouth. This gastroscope has a light and a camera at its tip, which allows the doctor to view the internal organs on a video monitor. The patient is typically given a sedative and pain reliever to ensure comfort and relaxation during the procedure.

Gastroscopy is performed for several reasons. It can help diagnose conditions such as ulcers, inflammation (gastritis, esophagitis), infections like H. pylori, and precancerous or cancerous changes in the upper digestive tract. It can also be used to investigate symptoms like persistent heartburn, difficulty swallowing, unexplained nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, and bleeding from the upper GI tract.

During the gastroscopy, the doctor may take small tissue samples, called biopsies, for further examination under a microscope. These biopsies can help confirm diagnoses and guide treatment. In some cases, minor therapeutic procedures can also be performed through the gastroscope, such as removing polyps or stopping bleeding.

The procedure is generally safe, with minor risks such as bleeding or perforation, though these are rare. After the gastroscopy, patients may experience a sore throat or bloating, but these symptoms usually resolve quickly. Most individuals can resume their normal activities the same day.