Gammalinoleenihapon

Gammalinoleenihapon, known in English as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is not strictly essential, because the human body can convert linoleic acid to GLA, but dietary intake of GLA may be beneficial in certain conditions where desaturase activity is limited.

Common dietary sources include evening primrose oil, borage oil, black currant seed oil, and to a lesser extent hemp seed oil. GLA is also available as a dietary supplement.

Biological role: GLA is converted in the body to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), which can be further transformed into anti-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E1. Through this pathway, GLA is thought to have anti-inflammatory effects and may influence inflammatory and skin-related conditions.

Medical uses and evidence: GLA supplements are widely used for conditions such as atopic dermatitis; trial results are mixed, with some showing modest benefit and others finding no significant effect. Other studied areas include rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, and premenstrual syndrome; overall evidence remains inconclusive and GLA is not approved as a treatment for these conditions.

Safety and considerations: GLA is generally well tolerated. Possible side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, and headaches. Rare allergic reactions have been reported. Caution is advised for people taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications, and very high doses may have adverse effects.