Gallinules

Gallinules are medium-sized water birds belonging to the family Rallidae, which also includes rails and coots. There are two distinct genera of gallinules: Porphyrio and Gallinula. These birds are found in freshwater wetlands, marshes, and areas with dense vegetation throughout much of the world, with the exception of polar regions.

Physically, gallinules are characterized by their plump bodies, short, broad wings, and long, lobed toes that are well-suited for walking on soft mud or floating vegetation. Many species display brightly colored frontal shields, which are fleshy extensions from the base of the bill that cover the forehead. Plumage varies between species, but often includes dark iridescence, white undertail coverts, and a distinctive leg color.

Gallinules are omnivorous, feeding on a diet of insects, seeds, aquatic vegetation, and small invertebrates. They are adept swimmers and divers, and are also capable of flight, though they are not strong long-distance migrants. Their nests are typically constructed from reeds and other wetland plants, often built on or near the water's edge. Both parents participate in incubation and raising the young. Vocalizations are varied, often consisting of loud squawks and whistles used for communication within the flock and for territorial defense.