Gallinula

Gallinula is a genus of birds in the rail family, Rallidae. This genus is known for its water-dwelling species, often characterized by their distinctive frontal shields. The most well-known member is likely the common gallinule, Gallinula chloropus, found across much of the world. Other species include the Eurasian moorhen, the American moorhen, and the Samoan moorhen.

These birds are typically medium-sized with dark plumage, often appearing black or dark gray. A prominent feature is the brightly colored shield, usually red or yellow, located on the forehead. They possess strong legs and feet, adapted for walking and swimming, with lobed toes that aid in navigating soft mud and water surfaces. Gallinulas are often found in freshwater habitats such as ponds, marshes, and lakes, where they feed on aquatic vegetation, insects, and small invertebrates.

Their behavior includes being somewhat territorial, especially during breeding season. They are capable of flight but often prefer to swim or walk. Nesting typically occurs on the ground, close to water, with both parents involved in incubation and chick-rearing. The genus Gallinula is an important part of wetland ecosystems, playing a role in seed dispersal and insect control.