Galanthus

Galanthus is a genus of bulbous perennial flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, commonly known as snowdrops. The genus comprises about 15 to 20 species native to Europe, the Caucasus, and the Middle East, with Galanthus nivalis being the best-known species. The name Galanthus derives from Greek gala (milk) and anthos (flower), in reference to the white flowers.

Plants form small bulbs that produce two linear, evergreen leaves and slender stems bearing pendent white flowers. Each flower has six tepals; the outer three are typically larger than the inner three, which carry short green markings near their tips. They usually flower in late winter to early spring, sometimes emerging through snow.

Distribution and habitat: Native to Europe, the Caucasus region, and parts of the Middle East, snowdrops grow in woodlands, grassy banks, and scrubby areas, often on well-drained soils. They are cold-hardy and have been cultivated and naturalized in many temperate regions.

Cultivation and uses: Galanthus is popular in gardens and rockeries. They require a cool winter period and well-drained soil rich in organic matter; they naturalize well in lawns and under deciduous trees. They propagate by bulbs or offsets and are commonly grown in pots or borders. Pests and diseases are generally minor.

Notable species and chemistry: Several species are common in cultivation, including G. nivalis, G. elwesii, G. plicatus, G. woronowii, and G. reginae-olgae. In addition to ornamental value, the alkaloid galantamine has been isolated from Galanthus species and is used in medicines for Alzheimer’s disease.