GPSdisciplined

GPSdisciplined (often written GPS-disciplined or GPSDO) refers to a timing system that uses signals from the Global Positioning System to discipline a local oscillator, producing a frequency reference with both good short-term stability and excellent long-term accuracy. The discipline aligns the oscillator with GPS time, which is anchored to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) through the GPS time signals.

How it works: A GPS receiver provides a precise 1 pulse per second (1PPS) signal that marks GPS time. This 1PPS is compared to the phase of a local oscillator, typically an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) or a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCXO). The phase error is processed by a control loop (phase detector, loop filter, and driver circuitry) that continuously adjusts the oscillator frequency to minimize the error. Many GPSDOs also provide a stable 10 MHz reference derived from the disciplined oscillator. The result is a frequency source and timing signal that tracks GPS time while retaining the short-term performance of the local oscillator.

Typical components include a GPS receiver, a stable local oscillator (OCXO/VCXO), a phase detector and loop filter, and output buffers. Outputs commonly include a 10 MHz reference and a 1PPS timing pulse, with some designs offering additional frequency options.

Advantages and limitations: GPSDOs offer traceable, GPS-aligned time and frequency suitable for telecommunications, metrology, and network synchronization. They rely on GPS visibility, making them vulnerable to jamming or spoofing and susceptible to outages when GPS signals are unavailable. Proper design includes protection against outages and redundancy where needed.

Applications: precision timing for data centers and telecom networks, time transfer and synchronization, calibrations and measurements in laboratories, radio astronomy, and other scientific instrumentation.