GNSSNetze

GNSSNetze are networks of GNSS reference stations and associated processing infrastructure that provide corrections, integrity information, and timing for precise positioning. They are typically composed of a distributed array of permanently installed reference stations with known coordinates, communication links to central processing facilities, and a data dissemination service that offers real-time or post-processed products to users.

Real-time GNSSNetze generate differential corrections, such as RTK, network RTK, or PPP-RTK corrections, which are broadcast through the internet, cellular networks, or dedicated channels. Post-processing workflows produce precise coordinates or baselines after data collection. Most networks follow standardized formats, using RTCM or RTCM3 corrections and NTRIP for data transport, while maintaining metadata and quality indicators to support reliability and traceability.

Applications span surveying and cadastral work, construction and monitoring, precision agriculture, autonomous navigation, and timing for critical infrastructure. In geoscience and geodesy, GNSSNetze support reference frame maintenance and crustal movement studies, contributing to stable frames like ETRS89 and ITRF. The networks also underpin public safety, disaster response, and infrastructure management through accurate positioning and timing.

Examples of GNSSNetze include SAPOS in Germany, a national service operated with contributions from the federal and state agencies, and broader European or regional networks such as EUPOS. Globally, services are complemented by networks operated by organizations like the IGS, which provide data and products that support network-based positioning. GNSSNetze continue to evolve with multi-constellation GNSS, enhanced atmospheric modelling, and increasing emphasis on data standards and cybersecurity.