Földvár

Földvár is a Hungarian term referring to a type of fortified settlement or earthwork, often translated as "earth fortress" or "mound castle." These structures were primarily built in the Carpathian Basin during the early medieval period, particularly from the 9th to the 11th centuries. Their construction typically involved the creation of large earthen ramparts and ditches, often encircling a settlement or strategic location.

The primary purpose of a földvár was defense. The elevated earthen walls provided a physical barrier against attackers, while the ditches could be filled with water or left as obstacles. These fortifications were crucial for communities seeking protection from raids and invasions common during that era, such as those by the Magyar tribes. Archaeological evidence suggests that földvárs served as both defensive strongholds and centers of habitation, housing populations and their livestock within their protective perimeters.

The distribution of földvárs across Hungary indicates their importance in regional defense strategies. Many are found along important trade routes or at strategic river crossings. While some földvárs were abandoned after the establishment of more permanent stone castles in later medieval periods, others evolved into more substantial settlements. The study of földvárs provides valuable insights into the social, economic, and military organization of early Hungarian societies.