Fósturskoðun

Fósturskoðun, also known as prenatal screening, refers to medical tests performed during pregnancy to detect potential chromosomal abnormalities or birth defects in the developing fetus. These tests do not diagnose conditions but rather assess the risk of their occurrence. The primary goal of fósturskoðun is to provide expectant parents with information that can aid in decision-making regarding their pregnancy and to prepare them for the possibility of a child with special needs.

There are generally two main categories of fósturskoðun: screening tests and diagnostic tests. Screening tests, such as the nuchal translucency scan and maternal serum screening (often combined in the first trimester combined test or second-trimester quad screen), estimate the probability of certain conditions like Down syndrome and Trisomy 18. They are non-invasive and do not pose a risk to the fetus. If a screening test indicates a higher risk, further diagnostic tests may be offered.

Diagnostic tests, like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis, are more invasive but offer a definitive diagnosis. CVS involves taking a sample of placental tissue, typically between weeks 10 and 13 of pregnancy, while amniocentesis involves collecting amniotic fluid, usually between weeks 15 and 20. Both procedures carry a small risk of miscarriage. The decision to undergo fósturskoðun is a personal one, and expectant parents are encouraged to discuss their options and concerns with their healthcare provider.