FuglMeyer
Fugl-Meyer Assessment, often abbreviated as FMA, is a stroke-specific, performance-based impairment scale used to quantify motor recovery and impairment after a stroke. It was developed in the 1970s by Swedish physical therapists including Axel Fugl-Meyer and colleagues, and has since become one of the most widely used instruments in both clinical practice and research for assessing motor function, sensation, balance, joint range of motion, and reflex activity.
The instrument comprises multiple domains: motor function (divided into upper and lower extremities), sensory function, balance,
FMA has been subject to extensive validation, showing good reliability, validity, and responsiveness in stroke populations.
While respected for its detail and sensitivity to motor impairment, the FMA can be lengthy to administer