Frotteurism

Frotteurism is a sexual behavior in which an individual experiences recurrent and intense sexual arousal from rubbing or pressing against a non-consenting person, typically in a crowded public setting such as a subway or bus. The behavior may include touching or groping the victim.

In clinical terms, frotteuristic disorder is diagnosed when these urges persist for at least six months, cause distress or impairment, and have involved acting on the urges with a non-consenting person, or the urges are clinically significant even if not acted upon.

Prevalence is uncertain; frotteuristic acts are relatively uncommon. Most data come from clinical samples, and estimates vary. The behavior is reported more often in men and typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood.

Legal and social consequences: Frotteurism is illegal in many jurisdictions and may be prosecuted as sexual assault or battery. Perpetrators may face criminal penalties, stigma, and, in some cases, required treatment as part of sentencing.

Treatment focuses on reducing sexual arousal to non-consenting targets, managing urges, and preventing harm. Approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy, relapse prevention, psychoeducation, and, in some cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or hormonal interventions for severe cases. Treatment is individualized and may involve addressing co-occurring conditions such as mood or impulse-control disorders.

Prevention and public health: Education on consent, bystander intervention, and pathways for reporting can reduce harm. Research into risk factors and circumstances can inform targeted interventions and policies aimed at reducing incidents in high-risk settings.