Fotosensibilizacion

Fotosensibilizacion is a medical condition where skin becomes abnormally sensitive to sunlight, also known as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This increased sensitivity can lead to a variety of skin reactions, ranging from mild redness and itching to severe blistering and pain, even after brief sun exposure. The underlying cause of fotosensibilizacion is often related to the presence of certain substances in or on the skin that react with UV light. These substances can be endogenous, meaning they are produced by the body, or exogenous, meaning they are introduced from an external source.

Common exogenous causes include certain medications, such as some antibiotics, diuretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as topical agents like fragrances, sunscreens, and certain plant oils. When these substances absorb UV radiation, they can undergo chemical changes that trigger an inflammatory response in the skin. Endogenous causes are less common but can be associated with certain metabolic disorders or genetic conditions that lead to the accumulation of photosensitizing compounds within the body.

The diagnosis of fotosensibilizacion typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical examination of the skin, and sometimes phototesting, where small areas of skin are exposed to controlled doses of UV light to assess the reaction. Management strategies focus on avoiding exposure to the causative agent and protecting the skin from sunlight. This often includes wearing protective clothing, using broad-spectrum sunscreens with high SPF values, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. In some cases, discontinuing the offending medication or topical agent may be necessary.