Formklassen
Formklassen, literally “form classes” in several Scandinavian languages, is a concept used in geometry, design theory, and related fields to describe groups of shapes that are considered equivalent under a specified set of transformations. The idea is to classify shapes not by their position or size, but by their intrinsic form when subjected to a chosen transformation group.
Mathematically, Formklassen are the orbits of a set of shapes S under the action of a transformation
Historically, the term appears in Nordic technical and design literature to facilitate comparison and analysis of
Variants and related concepts include the use of invariants—properties preserved under G that help identify Formklassen—and