Formication

Formication is a tactile hallucination, meaning it is the sensation of something crawling on or under the skin when nothing is actually there. It is often described as an itching, tingling, burning, or prickling feeling. This sensation can occur in any part of the body.

The causes of formication are varied and can range from benign to serious. Common triggers include dry skin, especially during winter months. Certain medications, such as those used to treat Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and depression, can also induce formication. Withdrawal from alcohol or certain drugs can also lead to these sensations.

More serious underlying medical conditions are also associated with formication. These include neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis or Lyme disease, metabolic disorders such as diabetes or thyroid problems, and certain psychiatric conditions including anxiety and schizophrenia. It can also be a symptom of menopause due to hormonal changes.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Depending on the suspected cause, blood tests, neurological evaluations, or skin biopsies may be performed. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example, managing dry skin with moisturizers, adjusting medication dosages, or treating an infection can alleviate the symptoms. In cases where no specific cause is identified, management may involve therapies to cope with the distressing sensations.