Fiziniai

Fiziniai, in legal contexts in Lithuania, refers to natural persons or individuals, as opposed to juridiniai asmenys (legal entities such as companies or organizations). They are the basic subjects of civil law who possess rights and bear obligations.

Civil personality and rights: Natural persons acquire legal personality and may own property, enter into contracts, sue and be sued, and enjoy personal freedoms and privacy. They can marry, form families, inherit rights, and participate in social and economic life. Their rights are protected by national law and, where applicable, international law.

Capacity to act and representation: A natural person has civil capacity to act, which develops with age and maturity. Full capacity is typically reached at the age of majority; minors have limited capacity and often require parental consent or a legal representative to perform certain acts. In cases of incapacity due to health or disability, guardians or curators may be appointed to manage the person’s affairs.

Identity and documentation: Natural persons are identified by personal data such as a personal identification number (asmens kodas) and official documents. They have duties under the law, including compliance with taxation, social obligations, and, where relevant, guardianship arrangements to protect those unable to manage their own affairs.

Residence, nationality, and scope of rights: Fiziniai can reside in Lithuania or abroad, and their rights and obligations can be influenced by domestic and international law, including issues of citizenship, inheritance, and property rights. The concept of fiziniai is central to civil law, serving to distinguish individual humans from corporations and other legal entities that also participate in legal relations.

In summary, fiziniai denotes natural persons who possess inherent civil rights and duties, forming the fundamental unit of civil-law relationships.