Filatura

Filatura is the process in textile production by which fibers are transformed into yarn through drawing, twisting, and winding. In Italian, the term also refers to the spinning mill or factory where this work is carried out. The concept covers both natural and synthetic fibers and is a foundational stage in yarn manufacture.

Typical steps include fiber preparation (opening and cleaning), carding, drawing, and, for some fibers, combing, followed by spinning to produce a yarn and then twisting and winding. Spinning methods include ring spinning and rotor (open-end) spinning for staple fibers, and extruding continuous filaments for synthetic or silk-like yarns. Finishing steps may involve winding into skeins or cones and moisture or heat treatment to set yarn properties.

Yarns produced by filatura can be staple yarns, composed of short fibers, or filament yarns, made of continuous filaments. Filatura products are used in knitting, weaving, sewing, and technical textiles, and mills may specialize in luxury, sports, or industrial yarns.

Historically, filatura has been central to northern Italy's textile industry, with mills operating since the early industrial era. The term also denotes the broader sector that includes design, sourcing of fibers, and distribution of yarns.

In contemporary language, filatura remains a core concept in textile manufacturing and fashion supply chains, reflecting both traditional craft and modern automation.