Fibroblasztokból

Fibroblasztokból, commonly referred to as fibroblast-like cells, are a diverse group of mesenchymal stromal cells found in connective tissues throughout the body. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue structure, wound healing, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Fibroblasts are responsible for synthesizing and secreting essential components of the ECM, including collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and proteoglycans, which provide mechanical support and regulate cellular behavior.

Fibroblasts originate from mesenchymal stem cells during embryonic development and are widely distributed in various tissues, such as skin, bone, cartilage, and organs. Their function extends beyond ECM production; they also participate in tissue repair by migrating to injury sites, proliferating, and differentiating into myofibroblasts to facilitate wound contraction. Additionally, fibroblasts contribute to immune regulation by secreting cytokines and growth factors that modulate inflammation and tissue regeneration.

In pathological conditions, fibroblasts can undergo pathological activation, leading to fibrosis—a process characterized by excessive ECM deposition and tissue scarring. This occurs in diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and systemic sclerosis, where dysregulated fibroblast activity disrupts normal tissue architecture and function. Research into fibroblast behavior has led to therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis, including anti-fibrotic drugs and cell-based therapies aimed at modulating their activity.

Fibroblasts exhibit phenotypic plasticity, adapting their gene expression and function in response to environmental cues such as mechanical stress, growth factors, and inflammatory signals. This adaptability allows them to contribute to both physiological and pathological processes, making them a key focus in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Advances in stem cell research and bioengineering continue to explore their potential for repairing damaged tissues and developing biomaterials that mimic native ECM.