Fetishism

Fetishism refers to sexual arousal or fixation on objects or specific body parts not typically considered sexual. It exists on a spectrum; many individuals can have fetishes without distress or impairment; the term encompasses a broad range of interests.

Common categories include object fetishism (for example footwear, lingerie, gloves, fabrics like leather or latex), and body-part fetishism (feet, hair, skin). Transvestic fetishism refers to sexual arousal from cross-dressing, sometimes described as a form of fetishistic disorder in certain diagnostic frameworks.

In clinical terms, fetishistic disorder is diagnosed when such arousal is intense, persistent, and causes distress or impairment, or involves non-consenting parties or legal/ethical concerns, with a typical duration of at least six months.

Prevalence is uncertain; fetishes are more often reported in clinical samples than in the general population; many people with fetishes lead distress-free sexual lives, particularly if activities are consensual and non-harmful.

Etiology is not settled; theories include early conditioning, developmental factors, and neurobiological influences, with no single cause identified; cultural and personal context shapes expression.

Treatment is indicated when distress, impairment, or harm exists. Approaches include psychosexual therapy and CBT, with pharmacological options such as antiandrogens or SSRIs considered in select cases; emphasis on consent and safety.