Featuremodell

FeatureModell is a formal or semi-formal representation used in software product line engineering to describe the features of a family of related software products and their variability. It captures what features are available, how they are related, and how different combinations of features produce valid product configurations. Feature models are used to support planning, reuse, and systematic derivation of specific products from a common asset base.

A feature model typically consists of a hierarchical feature tree, where features are organized from a root feature to more granular capabilities. Relationships include mandatory and optional features, as well as groupings such as OR (one or more of the group) and XOR (exclusive choice). In addition, cross-tree constraints express dependencies between features (requires) and conflicts (excludes). The notation can be graphical (feature diagrams) or textual, and may be formalized using logic or constraint languages.

Process and usage: During domain engineering, the feature model serves as the blueprint of the product line. When a product is configured, a valid configuration is selected from the model, satisfying all constraints. This supports traceability from customer requirements to delivered features and enables impact analysis when features change.

History and scope: Feature modelling emerged in the 1990s with methods such as FODA and later variants like the Orthogonal Variability Model (OVM). It is widely used in software product lines as well as in embedded systems and automotive domains. Limitations include potential model complexity and the need for tool support and disciplined modelling practices; scalability and semantics can vary across approaches.

Tools and examples: Popular tools include FeatureIDE, Pure::Variants, and SPLOT. Real-world examples include configurable software suites, automotive infotainment systems, and consumer electronics platforms.