Fayolism
Fayolism is the school of thought derived from the management theories of the French engineer Henri Fayol (1841–1925). Fayol developed a systematic approach to management that he described in his 1916 book “General and Industrial Management.” He identified fourteen general principles of administration that he believed were applicable across all types of organizations. These principles include division of work, authority and responsibility, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests to the general interest, remuneration, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure, initiative, and esprit de corps. Fayol also emphasized the importance of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling as the five functions of management, which later contributed to the development of contemporary management theory.
Unlike the scientific management approach of Frederick Winslow Taylor, which focused on efficiency through time-and-motion studies,
Critics of Fayolism argue that its principles are too prescriptive for dynamic, technology-driven environments and that