Fatigued

Fatigued is an adjective describing a state of extreme tiredness or lack of energy that can impair performance and motivation. Fatigue may be physical, mental, or both, and it is distinct from sleepiness in that rest may not fully restore it. Acute fatigue arises from temporary factors such as exertion or illness, whereas chronic fatigue persists for weeks to months and can require medical assessment.

Common causes include insufficient or poor-quality sleep, chronic stress, poor nutrition, dehydration, and sedentary lifestyle. Medical conditions such as anemia, thyroid disease, diabetes, cardiovascular or lung conditions, infections, and ongoing inflammation can contribute. Medications (including antihistamines, sedatives, and some antidepressants), substance use, and withdrawal can also cause fatigue. In some cases fatigue is part of a mental health condition such as depression or anxiety. Chronic fatigue syndrome (also called myalgic encephalomyelitis) is a distinct disorder characterized by lasting, disabling fatigue with other symptoms.

Evaluation typically involves medical history, physical examination, and selective tests guided by symptoms to identify underlying causes. Routine tests may include complete blood count, thyroid function, glucose, iron studies, and assessment for sleep disorders or mood disorders.

Management focuses on treating or removing underlying causes and improving energy. Strategies include good sleep hygiene, regular physical activity adapted to ability, balanced nutrition, hydration, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and stress management. Some individuals benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy, energy-conservation techniques, and treatment of comorbid sleep disorders. Persistent fatigue warrants medical follow-up.

Notes: If fatigue is accompanied by chest pain, severe shortness of breath, fainting, confusion, or rapidly worsening weakness seek urgent care.