FaserMatrixVerbundstoffe

FaserMatrixVerbund, commonly described as a fiber-matrix composite, is a material system in which reinforcing fibers are embedded in a matrix that binds the fibers and transfers loads. The fibers provide mechanical strength and stiffness, while the matrix supports fiber geometry, distributes loads, and protects the fibers from environmental damage. This combination yields properties that can be tailored for specific applications.

The reinforcing phase can be carbon, glass, aramid, or other fibers, and the matrix can be a thermoset resin such as epoxy, polyester, or vinyl ester, or a thermoplastic polymer. Fibers may be arranged in unidirectional laminates, woven fabrics, or 3D architectures, allowing orientation-dependent performance. The resulting materials are typically lightweight, exhibit high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, and offer corrosion and fatigue resistance compared with many metals.

Manufacturing methods vary, including hand lay-up, resin transfer molding, vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, autoclave curing, and prepregs. Processing conditions influence resin content, voids, and fiber-matrix interfacial quality, all of which affect final properties. Post-processing steps may involve machining, surface finishing, and non-destructive testing to verify integrity.

Common applications span aerospace, automotive, sporting goods, wind energy, and industrial components, where high performance with reduced weight is advantageous. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) are widely used variants. Limitations include higher material and processing costs, sensitivity to impact damage and moisture, and environmental considerations related to recycling and end-of-life disposal.

Historically, fiber-matrix composites emerged in the mid-20th century and have since evolved through advances in fiber technology, resin chemistry, and manufacturing processes, expanding their role in high-performance engineering.