Failihaldussüsteem

Failihaldussüsteem (file management system) refers to the software component of an operating system that controls how data is stored and retrieved. It organizes files and directories on storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and optical discs. The primary function of a file management system is to provide a structured way for users and applications to interact with files, ensuring data integrity and efficient access.

Key responsibilities of a file management system include creating, deleting, moving, copying, and renaming files and directories. It manages the allocation of disk space, keeping track of which blocks are used and which are free. Security is another crucial aspect; file management systems control access permissions, determining who can read, write, or execute specific files and directories. They also handle file attributes, such as modification dates and ownership.

Different operating systems employ various file management systems. Examples include FAT (File Allocation Table) and NTFS (New Technology File System) on Windows, HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus) and APFS (Apple File System) on macOS, and ext4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem) and Btrfs (B-tree File System) on Linux. Each system has its own methods for organizing data, managing metadata, and enforcing security policies, leading to differences in performance, reliability, and feature sets. The choice of file management system can impact how data is stored, accessed, and protected on a computing device.