Extravasaler

Extravasaler is a term derived from Latin, literally meaning "outside the vessel." In a medical context, it refers to something that has escaped or leaked from its normal anatomical containment, most commonly a blood vessel. This can occur in various situations, such as during surgical procedures where a vessel is inadvertently injured, or in cases of trauma.

When extravasation occurs with blood, it leads to bleeding into the surrounding tissues, forming a hematoma, commonly known as a bruise. In intravenous therapy, extravasation refers to the accidental leakage of an infused substance from a vein into the surrounding tissues. This is particularly concerning when the infused substance is a vesicant, a drug that can cause blistering, tissue damage, and even necrosis. Patients receiving chemotherapy, for example, are closely monitored for signs of extravasation. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, and a burning sensation at the infusion site.

Treatment for extravasation depends on the substance that has leaked. For simple bruises, no specific treatment is usually required, and the body will reabsorb the blood over time. For vesicant extravasation, immediate intervention is crucial. This may involve stopping the infusion, removing the needle, and administering an antidote or applying specific compresses to minimize tissue damage. Prevention is a key aspect of managing the risk of extravasation, involving careful attention to technique during intravenous access and continuous monitoring of the infusion site.