Extrasystoles

Extrasystoles, also known as premature beats or ectopic beats, are extra heartbeats that occur out of the normal rhythm. They originate from a point in the heart other than the sinus node, which is the heart's natural pacemaker. These extra beats can occur in either the atria (premature atrial contractions or PACs) or the ventricles (premature ventricular contractions or PVCs).

PACs are typically felt as a brief pause followed by a stronger beat. PVCs are also felt as an early beat, sometimes with a palpable pause afterward as the heart resets. In many cases, extrasystoles are benign and do not cause any symptoms. However, some individuals may experience them as palpitations, a fluttering sensation in the chest, or a skipped heartbeat.

The exact cause of extrasystoles is not always clear, but they can be triggered by various factors. These include stress, anxiety, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, certain medications, and underlying heart conditions. In most healthy individuals, occasional extrasystoles are not a cause for concern.

Diagnosis is usually made through an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can detect the abnormal electrical activity of the heart. If extrasystoles are frequent, symptomatic, or associated with other heart problems, further investigation and management may be necessary. Treatment is generally not required if they are asymptomatic and no underlying heart disease is present. Lifestyle modifications to reduce triggers like caffeine or stress may be recommended. In rare instances, medication or procedures might be considered for symptomatic or concerning cases.