Eutrofizációjához

Eutrofizációjához, often shortened to eutrophication, is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. This enrichment leads to excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants, a phenomenon known as an algal bloom. As these organisms die and decompose, the bacteria responsible for the decomposition consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water. This depletion of oxygen, or hypoxia, can lead to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms that require oxygen to survive.

The primary sources of nutrients that cause eutrophication are often human activities. Agricultural runoff, carrying fertilizers and animal waste, is a major contributor. Sewage discharge from wastewater treatment plants and untreated wastewater can also introduce significant amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. Industrial discharges and atmospheric deposition of pollutants can also play a role. Natural eutrophication can occur over long geological timescales, but human-induced eutrophication, or cultural eutrophication, happens much more rapidly and has more severe consequences for aquatic ecosystems.

The effects of eutrophication are far-reaching. Beyond the loss of aquatic biodiversity, algal blooms can also produce toxins that are harmful to humans and animals. These blooms can clog water intakes for drinking water supplies and irrigation, and can create unpleasant odors and tastes. In severe cases, eutrophication can render a water body largely unusable for recreation and economic activities like fishing. Mitigation strategies focus on reducing nutrient inputs, such as improving wastewater treatment, managing agricultural practices to minimize runoff, and controlling industrial discharges.