Etorphine
Etorphine, also known by its development code name M99, is a highly potent semi-synthetic opioid analgesic developed from thebaine in the 1950s by Janssen. It is used primarily to immobilize large mammals in veterinary medicine and wildlife management, including elephants, rhinoceroses, and other large ungulates. It is not approved for human use due to extreme potency and risk of fatal respiratory depression.
Etorphine acts as a mu-opioid receptor agonist and is estimated to be about 1,000 times more potent
In veterinary practice, etorphine is typically used with sedatives or tranquilizers for immobilization, and its effects
Etorphine is tightly regulated worldwide and is available only to licensed veterinarians or research institutions. Possession,
Etorphine was developed in the 1950s by Janssen Pharmaceutica and first marketed as M99. It has since