Ethyleneglycol

Ethyleneglycol, also known as ethylene glycol, is a chemical compound with the formula HO-CH2-CH2-OH. It is a colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents. It has a boiling point of 197.3 °C and a density of about 1.113 g/cm3 at 20 °C. It has a characteristic sweet taste, which has contributed to accidental poisonings.

Production and supply: Ethylene glycol is produced primarily by catalytic hydration of ethylene oxide, which is derived from ethylene obtained from petroleum or natural gas feedstocks. This route remains the dominant industrial method for large-scale production.

Uses: The principal use is as a coolant and antifreeze in automotive and other heat-exchange systems. It is also employed in de-icing fluids for aircraft and highways, and as a heat-transfer medium. In addition, it serves as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and various resins, as well as a solvent and humectant in cosmetics, paints, and printing inks.

Safety and regulation: Ethylene glycol is toxic if ingested and can cause severe central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis, kidney injury, and death. Antidotes include fomepizole or ethanol; hemodialysis may be required in severe cases. Proper storage and handling are important to prevent exposure, especially to children, and many jurisdictions regulate its use in consumer products.

Environment: It is readily biodegradable and for the most part does not persist in the environment, though high concentrations can be toxic to aquatic life.