Escitalopraami

Escitalopraami, commonly referred to as escitalopram, is an antidepressant in the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It is the S-enantiomer of citalopram and is marketed under several brand names, including Lexapro in the United States and Cipralex in many other markets. It is used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in adults and is available as a generic medication in many countries. In some settings it is prescribed for other conditions as determined by clinicians.

Mechanism and effects: Escitalopram works by selectively inhibiting the serotonin transporter, increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft. The resulting modulation of serotonin signaling is associated with improvement in mood and anxiety symptoms over several weeks, reflecting both immediate pharmacologic effects and longer-term neuroadaptive changes.

Dosage and administration: Typical starting doses for adults are 10 mg once daily, with potential titration to 20 mg once daily as needed and tolerated. Lower starting doses may be used for older adults or in people with liver impairment. The medication can be taken with or without food and should be continued for several weeks to assess effectiveness. Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided to minimize withdrawal symptoms.

Safety and side effects: Common adverse effects include nausea, sleep disturbance (insomnia or somnolence), dry mouth, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. Hyponatremia is possible, particularly in older adults. Escitalopram may prolong the QT interval at high doses or in predisposed individuals. There is a risk of increased suicidal thoughts in some young people, especially at treatment initiation or dose changes. Interactions with other serotonergic drugs or MAO inhibitors can lead to serotonin syndrome; use during pregnancy requires careful risk–benefit consideration.