Erdalkaliemetalle

Erdalkaliemetalle is the German term for alkaline earth metals. This group of chemical elements constitutes Group 2 of the periodic table. The six elements in this group are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). These elements are characterized by their metallic properties, relatively low densities, and high reactivity, though they are less reactive than the alkali metals in Group 1.

Alkaline earth metals are typically silvery-white and soft, although their hardness increases from left to right across the group. They readily lose their two outermost electrons to form cations with a +2 charge, which explains their high reactivity. This tendency to form positive ions makes them strong reducing agents. They react with water, with the reactivity generally increasing down the group. Beryllium and magnesium react only with steam at high temperatures, while calcium, strontium, and barium react with liquid water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides.

These elements are found widely distributed in the Earth's crust, often in the form of oxides, carbonates, and sulfates. Magnesium is a crucial component of chlorophyll and is essential for life. Calcium is vital for bone structure in animals and is found in many minerals like limestone and marble. Strontium and barium are less common but have industrial applications. Radium is radioactive and was historically used in some medical treatments, though its use is now limited due to its radioactivity.