Equivalentes

Equivalentes is the plural form of the term equivalente in Spanish and Portuguese, generally used to denote entities, terms, or quantities that have the same value, meaning, or function in a given context. The idea of equivalence underpins several fields, from language to science and mathematics, where different items are treated as interchangeable or comparable in a specific sense.

In linguistics and translation, a translation equivalent refers to a unit in one language that corresponds in sense, reference, and function to a unit in another language. Studies of equivalence types distinguish formal, dynamic, and contextual equivalence, informing dictionaries, localization, and cross-cultural communication.

In chemistry, chemical equivalents describe the amount of substance that reacts with or supplies one mole of reactive units (for example, one mole of hydrogen ions or electrons) in a given reaction. Equivalents relate to the concept of equivalent weight and are used in stoichiometry to balance reactions, especially in acid-base and redox contexts. Modern practice often emphasizes molar quantities, but the notion of equivalents remains in historical and certain applied settings.

In mathematics and logic, equivalence concerns a relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Two elements are equivalent if they are related by this relation, and equivalence classes partition a set into groups of equivalent elements. The term equivalent appears in Portuguese and Spanish discussions of logical or mathematical equivalence, where two statements or formulas share the same truth value under all interpretations.