equivalente

Equivalente is a term used in several Romance languages (especially Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian) meaning something that has the same value, function, or meaning as something else. Etymology traces to Latin aequivalens, from aequus “equal” and valere “to be worth.”

In linguistics and translation studies, an equivalente (equivalent) is a word, phrase, or expression in one language that conveys the same meaning as a unit in another language. The notion is central to translation, though exact equivalence is often debated because of cultural and contextual factors.

In mathematics, equivalence describes a relation that partitions a set into equivalence classes; two elements are equivalent if they satisfy a given relation. Logical equivalence is the relation between statements p and q such that p if and only if q. The term is also used for the concept of equality in value or function, such as equivalent fractions or isomorphic structures.

In chemistry, especially in older literature, equivalente (equivalent) denotes the amount of a substance that reacts with or supplies one mole of hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions, electrons, etc. The gram-equivalent weight is the molar mass divided by the valence (n). For example, in acid-base reactions, one mole of H2SO4 has two equivalents.

In biology and medicine, dose equivalence refers to a measured amount of one drug that is expected to have a similar effect to another under specified conditions.