Epoks

Epoks, commonly known as epoxy resins, are a family of reactive polymers used as adhesives, coatings, and matrix materials for composites. They are typically supplied as two-component systems that consist of a resin and a hardener, though one-component formulations that cure with heat or moisture are also available. The defining feature is the presence of epoxide (oxirane) rings in the resin, which react with curing agents to form a cross-linked thermoset network.

During curing, the epoxide rings open and link with curing agents such as amines, anhydrides, or phenolic compounds. This network imparts strong bond strength, good mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation. Epoxy systems can be formulated to vary viscosity, temperature resistance, and flexibility, enabling use as coatings, structural adhesives, potting compounds, and as matrices in fiber-reinforced composites.

Common types include bisphenol A–based epoxies (DGEBA), which offer good strength and chemical resistance, and novolac epoxies for higher heat resistance. Aliphatic epoxies provide improved UV stability and color retention. Additives such as flexibilizers, fillers, and toughening agents expand application ranges and mitigate brittleness.

Applications span electronics (bonding and encapsulation), construction (protective coatings and primers), automotive and aerospace (lightweight bonded structures), and marine equipment. Limitations include potential brittleness in some grades, sensitivity to moisture, and the exothermic nature of curing in large masses. Safety considerations emphasize skin protection and adequate ventilation due to health risks from resins and curing agents. End-of-life handling involves disposal according to local regulations, with recycling options more common in composite manufacturing.