Epifagus

Epifagus is a genus of herbaceous, perennial plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. The genus currently contains a single recognized species, Epifagus virginianus, commonly known as American cancer-root or simply cancer-root. This plant is a root parasite, meaning it derives its nutrients from the roots of other plants, primarily those in the beech family (Fagaceae), especially oak species.

Epifagus virginianus is found in eastern North America, typically in deciduous forests where its host trees are abundant. It is characterized by its leafless, branching stems that emerge from the ground in late summer or fall. Instead of leaves, it has small, scale-like structures. The plant produces inconspicuous flowers that are often cleistogamous, meaning they self-pollinate within a closed bud. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small seeds.

The common name "cancer-root" is derived from historical medicinal uses, where it was believed to treat various ailments, including cancers, though modern scientific evidence does not support these claims. The plant's parasitic nature makes it difficult to cultivate, and its distribution is closely tied to the presence of its specific host trees. Epifagus is an important component of forest ecosystems, playing a role in nutrient cycling through its parasitic association.