Enterotoksiini

Enterotoksiini is a term of Finnish origin referring to toxins produced by bacteria that primarily affect the small intestine. These toxins can cause a variety of symptoms, most notably gastrointestinal distress. When ingested, enterotoxins often bind to the cells lining the intestinal wall, disrupting normal physiological processes and leading to inflammation and fluid secretion. This can result in symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.

Several types of bacteria are known to produce enterotoxins. Prominent examples include strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which can contaminate food and cause rapid-onset food poisoning, and certain strains of Escherichia coli, such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), a common cause of traveler's diarrhea. Other bacteria like Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, produce potent enterotoxins that lead to severe, dehydrating diarrhea.

The mechanism of action for enterotoxins varies. Some toxins, like cholera toxin, irreversibly activate adenylate cyclase, leading to a massive efflux of ions and water into the intestinal lumen. Others may disrupt cell membrane integrity or interfere with nutrient absorption. Diagnosis of enterotoxin-mediated illness typically involves identifying the causative bacterium and, in some cases, detecting the presence of the specific toxin. Treatment often focuses on supportive care, particularly rehydration, to manage fluid and electrolyte loss. Prevention strategies include proper food hygiene and sanitation to minimize bacterial contamination.