Energielabels

Energy labels, known as energielabels in Dutch, are official markings that indicate the energy efficiency and estimated energy use of products and buildings. They are designed to help consumers compare efficiency, estimate running costs, and promote energy savings as part of broader climate and energy policies.

Applications to products: On many household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, ovens, televisions, and air conditioners, the label shows an energy efficiency class on a scale that is commonly A to G, along with the estimated annual energy consumption and other product-specific data. Since recent reforms, the European Union has moved toward a simplified A–G scale to reduce confusion from earlier A+, A++, and A+++ ratings; the exact label layout varies by product group but the same basic information is provided.

Buildings and property: In many countries, buildings carry an energy performance certificate (EPC) or a similar energy label. This rating, typically on an A to G scale, summarizes expected energy use per square meter and associated costs. EPCs are usually required when a building is constructed, sold, or rented, and they aim to inform retrofit decisions and improve building stock.

Regulatory framework and operation: Energy labeling is governed by national laws aligned with European or international regulations. Labels for products are issued under conformity assessments and must be updated when standards change. EPCs are issued by qualified assessors and remain valid for a defined period, after which a new assessment is needed.

Impact and limitations: Labels help steer consumer choices and incentivize manufacturers to improve efficiency. However, real-world energy use depends on usage patterns, climate, and maintenance, and labels reflect standardized testing rather than every scenario.