Energiamõõt

Energiamõõt, literally “energy meter” in Estonian, is a device or system used to measure energy flow and consumption in a building or installation. In practice, energiamõõt refers most commonly to electrical energy meters that record consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh), but the term can also apply to meters measuring other forms of energy, such as heat in district heating networks. The data collected by energiamõõt is used for billing, energy management, and monitoring.

Types range from traditional mechanical or electromechanical meters that register usage with moving components, to electronic and smart meters that digitally log consumption, provide displays, and communicate data remotely. Modern meters may measure active energy (kWh), and in many cases reactive energy (kVARh), instantaneous power (kW), voltage, current, and power factor. Smart meters often support bidirectional communication, time-of-use tariffs, remote readings, and integration with home energy management systems. Submetering in large facilities and specialized meters for heating, cooling, or gas energy also fall under the broader concept of energiamõõt.

Regulation and standards: meters are subject to metrological certification to ensure accuracy and reliability. In the European Union, electricity meters conform to standards such as the Measuring Instruments Directive and related EN standards, enabling interoperability and remote data collection by distribution system operators. In practice, energiamõõt installations are owned and read by energy providers or grid operators, and the collected data supports billing, load management, and energy efficiency initiatives. The term also covers submetering in large facilities and specialized meters for heating, cooling, or gas energy.