Endglied

Endglied is a term used in anatomy, particularly in German-language texts, to denote the terminal bone of a digit, corresponding to the distal phalanx in English. It represents the last bony segment of a finger or toe, situated distal to the proximal and, where present, the middle phalanx. The name derives from End meaning “end” and Glied meaning “limb segment.” In human anatomy, each digit has a distal phalanx that forms the fingertip and, in most cases, supports the nail plate.

Structure and relationships: The Endglied is typically short and curved, with a relatively broad distal end. Proximally it articulates with the middle phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint. The dorsal surface often contains the nail bed and is associated with the nail plate, while the volar side provides attachment for soft tissues and the flexor apparatus. The bone may vary in length and robustness between digits and between species; in many mammals, the terminal phalanx bears a claw instead of a nail.

Function: Its primary role is to form the fingertip or toe tip, enabling precise tactile sensation, grasping, and manipulation. It also serves as a basis for the nail and surrounding soft tissue structures, contributes to the contour of the digit, and participates in terminal loading during grasp.

Clinical relevance: Endglied injuries commonly involve the distal phalanx, including tuft fractures, crush injuries of the fingertip, and nail-bed or soft-tissue trauma. Fractures and avulsions can affect sensation, nail growth, and fingertip function.

See also: Distal phalanx, proximal phalanx, middle phalanx. Etymology: Endglied from German.