nailbed

The nailbed is the portion of the skin that lies directly beneath the nail plate. It is a highly vascularized and innervated area, crucial for the healthy growth and adherence of the nail. The nailbed is composed of two main parts: the sterile matrix and the fertile matrix. The fertile matrix, also known as the nail matrix, is the proximal portion of the nailbed that extends from just beneath the cuticle to the lunula, the pale, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail. This is where the new nail cells are produced.

As these cells multiply and keratinize, they are pushed forward, forming the nail plate. The sterile matrix is the area of the nailbed that extends from the lunula to the hyponychium, the skin just beneath the free edge of the nail. This part of the nailbed helps anchor the nail plate to the fingertip and provides nourishment and support for its growth. Conditions affecting the nailbed can lead to changes in the nail plate's appearance, texture, or growth. For example, infections, trauma, or inflammatory conditions can cause the nail to lift from the nailbed, thicken, discolor, or even stop growing. Proper care of the nailbed is important for maintaining healthy nails.