Emäsvauriot

Emäsvauriot, in Finnish, refers to damage caused by alkaline substances. These substances, characterized by a pH greater than 7, can be found in various household and industrial products such as cleaning agents, drain cleaners, and certain fertilizers. When alkaline materials come into contact with biological tissues, like skin or eyes, they can cause significant harm through a process called saponification. This reaction breaks down fatty acids in cell membranes, leading to tissue liquefaction and deep, penetrating burns that may not be immediately painful, making them particularly dangerous.

The severity of an emäsvaurio depends on the concentration of the alkaline substance, the duration of exposure, and the area of the body affected. Eye exposure is especially critical, as alkaline substances can rapidly penetrate the cornea and cause irreversible damage, potentially leading to blindness. Skin contact can result in chemical burns that may be slow to heal and can leave scars. Ingestion of alkaline substances can cause severe damage to the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach.

First aid for emäsvauriot typically involves immediate and copious flushing of the affected area with clean water. For eye contact, this means holding the eye open under a gentle stream of water for at least 15-20 minutes. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with water. Medical attention should be sought promptly, especially in cases of eye exposure or significant skin burns, or if an alkaline substance has been ingested. Treatment focuses on decontaminating the area, managing pain, preventing infection, and addressing any tissue damage.