Elinsiirto

Elinsiirto, or organ transplantation, is the surgical transfer of an organ or part thereof from a donor to a recipient to replace a damaged or failed organ. It is typically used for end-stage organ disease and aims to restore function, improve quality of life, and extend survival. Transplant care involves a multidisciplinary team and coordinated systems to match donors with suitable recipients.

Organs commonly transplanted include the kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, and pancreas. Living donors may provide kidney or liver tissue segments, while deceased donors provide whole organs. In addition to solid organs, tissue and composite tissue transplants (such as corneas or skin) may be performed in certain situations. The decision to transplant depends on medical urgency, potential benefit, and overall health.

The transplantation process usually starts with evaluation at a transplant center to determine medical suitability and psychosocial readiness. When a donor organ becomes available, it is allocated based on factors such as urgency, compatibility (blood type and, for some organs, tissue compatibility), and time on the waitlist. After transplantation, recipients typically require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent organ rejection, along with regular follow-up to monitor organ function and manage complications.

Outcomes vary by organ and individual, but advances have led to improved graft survival and quality of life for many recipients. Risks include transplant rejection, infection due to immunosuppression, medication side effects, and long-term cardiovascular or cancer risks. Ongoing care focuses on maintaining organ function, preventing complications, and supporting patients’ health and well-being.

Ethical and policy frameworks govern organ donation and allocation. Most systems require donor consent, with variations such as opt-in or presumed consent models. Efforts continue to increase donation rates, ensure fair access, and prevent illicit activities related to organ trade.