Elementtimenetelmiä

Elementtimenetelmiä, often translated as the Finite Element Method (FEM), is a numerical technique used to find approximate solutions to boundary value problems. These problems are described by partial differential equations and are common in engineering and physics. Instead of solving the equation analytically for the entire domain, FEM divides the domain into smaller, simpler parts called elements.

The core idea behind FEM is to discretize a continuous problem into a finite number of unknowns. Within each element, the solution is approximated using simple functions, typically polynomials. These local approximations are then connected at specific points, called nodes, which form a mesh across the entire domain. By assembling the equations for each element and imposing continuity conditions at the nodes, a large system of algebraic equations is created. Solving this system yields approximate values of the solution at the nodes.

FEM is widely used in various fields. In structural analysis, it's employed to determine stresses, strains, and displacements in mechanical parts. In heat transfer, it can simulate temperature distributions. Fluid dynamics also benefits from FEM to model fluid flow. Its versatility allows for the analysis of complex geometries and material properties that are difficult or impossible to solve with analytical methods. The accuracy of the solution generally increases with a finer mesh, meaning more elements and nodes are used.